A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ Essay Example

A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ Paper A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ Name: Course: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Date: A Critical Analysis of Esther Dyson’s ‘Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It’ Introduction The article, â€Å"Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It† by Esther Dyson provides credible insight regarding the immeasurable domain of cyberspace. Dyson focuses on the facets that cyberspace has offered on a societal milieu. These features primarily constitute the capability and power of the user to conduct surfing on any matter without facing restriction and regulations. Alternately, regardless of the obvious detriments that cyberspace poses on society especially children, the author acknowledges that regulation of the internet through censorship is wrong and as such, does not constitute a solution for regulating unapproved websites. Additionally, Dyson illustrates the parallels amid the factual and the virtual world by describing the manner in which each community evolves in a similar way. Nevertheless, in order to evoke reason in this controversial topic, Dyson utilizes the constituents of rhetorical situation in order to convey her rationale on the intricacie s encompassing cyberspace. Incidence in Present Context and Personal Perception The review on cyberspace is set in present context. The recent advancements in technology facilitate the need for focusing on matters resulting from the use of technology. Furthermore, it is evident that the Internet defines the contemporary age. With innovations in communication and other milieus, the Internet has introduced numerous forms of methods and facilities that encourage social interaction among its users who range from children to adolescents and adults. Currently, numerous cases of cyberspace crime constitute a considerable portion of cases delving on the occurrence of child pornography among members of the female gender. In addition, most of these cases involve children presently in their teenage years, who are the victims and perpetrators who comprise older persons posturing as younger persons in order to appeal to the children. With the evidence based on the mentioned findings, it is clear why regulation of cyberspace presents a controversial problem. Nevertheless, in agreement with Dylan’s assertion on cyberspace, censoring and regulating cyberspace is not a rational situation towards combating the vices associated with the Internet. On a sociological perspective, external regulation and censorship will only augment the need to access such vices and expound the problem further. Components of the Rhetorical Situation The Author The article, â€Å"Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It†, is written by Esther Dyson. She is noted as being assertive yet truthful in presenting her opinions about the structure of cyberspace and its effects on the society. She is a credible author as she makes claims that are based on legislation that is documented and available to the public. The author is also commendable as she encourages people to take control of their access to communication as the potential for abuse is real. The author also takes a deliberate approach to connect with the readers by making implications that link the audience to her own thoughts. The author is also noted as taking a stand and making assertions that are more of a representation of her ideals, as opposed to a mere presentation of the facts of the topic at hand. The Topic Regarding the information she presents regarding the issue of cyberspace and the problems of regulation it implies on the society, the author presents herself credibly and truthfully throughout by expressing her opinions regarding cyberspace and the society. In the article, Dyson acknowledges that regulation is important in the world of cyberspace. However, she also adds that exercising responsibility is imminent within the society instead of consistent dependence on government sanctions. Additionally, Dyson’s assertions throughout the article are credible based on her significant knowledge regarding past events, trials and official gatherings between republicans associated with cyberspace. For instance, Dyson points out occurrences of government regulation on cyberspace by referring to the Exon-Coats Amendment which sought to secure cyberspace among children. Alternately, Dyson appeals to ethos by asserting that people should possess self-responsibility and control over their faith and beliefs. She supports this by asserting that electronic communities require self-regulation instead of government sanctioning. The Audience Regarding appealing to the audience, Dyson does this by utilizing examples that the audience can relate to and their community. This level of interaction assists the audience since it focuses on the routine activities and associations people face. Furthermore, the author uses the pronoun, ‘we’, indicating that she belongs within the similar level that the audience occupies. Alternately, Dyson provides special assumptions regarding her audience. For instance, she assumes that every parent exercises overprotection and that the audience is against cyber spacing. Nevertheless, the higher historical milieu restricts Dyson’s argument since it focuses on the present. In addition, the social context also restricts the argument of the author since the people reside in a time that necessitates them to adhere to political accuracy. Dyson also possesses clear morals and values, as evidenced in her reference to the Telecommunications Reform Amendment, which illegalizes indecen t communications for persons below 18 years. On a separate context, the audience that the author concentrates on comprises users of cyberspace who possess dissimilar ages, vocations, learning and cultural locales. Dyson supports this by acknowledging that cyberspace embraces all constituencies such as children, adults, interracial persons and even sociopaths such as pederasts and porn fanatics. As such, Dyson focuses on more than a single audience and thus, does not limit the readers to cyberspace users only but also the lawmakers. Alternately, my personal opinions regarding the article agree with the author since it is true that each person possesses responsibility over their choices and actions. Initially, most readers may express hostility towards cyber spacing, however, after reading Dyson’s rationale, most of them will experience conscientious conflict based on the role of personal responsibility in mitigating cyberspace. Conclusively, the subject within the article affects the subject since it bears personal relati ons based on the widespread use of cyberspace. The Context The topic exalted in the reading by Dyson is equally ethical and cultural since it discusses considerably regarding the manner in which individuals relate towards cyberspace. Additionally, the ethical topics comprise taboos such as pornography and illegal information that Dyson uses in the discussion on cyberspace regulation. Nevertheless, it is clear that the subject of Dyson’s discourse is controversial since it initiates conflict based on either cyberspace regulation or individual responsibility. Regardless of the topic’s conflicting nature, it is surprising that the previously debated topic associates with the author’s previous works such as ‘A Design For living in the Digital Age’. Regarding the article’s writing timeline, it is probable that the article was presently written, hence indicating a chronological trait. Consequently, the milieu of the article involves the regulation of cyberspace by parents without censorship through restrict ing access to things they do not want their children to witness. Furthermore, the article’s milieu also expresses the role of the community in exercising responsibility towards cyber spacing. The author directs the article to every culture with respect to the discourse matching cultural beliefs and thus, respecting all cultures. Additionally, the culture that produced this type of communication expressed unawareness and closed-mindedness towards the phenomena. Concluding, Dyson utilizes historical references and allusions such as referring to Senator Jim Exon, who was in charge of manifesting the Exon-Coats Amendment, in order to place the article in a certain period and location. Limitations and Inventive The author experienced various limitations in the inception of the article. For instance, the main limitation was Author-related since she did not employ examples or statistics to accentuate her points. The audience also experiences limitations based on our knowledge regarding the topic and thus prevents the author from delving deeper. However, Dyson’s background supports her argument since she possesses considerable experience regarding the topic. Nevertheless, it is evident that the author’s character restricted her argument since she fully supported her proposition without considering the opposing side. The author was also limited based on the larger social and historical milieu, which restricted her from delving into issues such as politics. Accordingly, Dyson was aware of her article’s limitations but did not ignore them since she focused on delivering her idea through exercising logic in her explanation and raising awareness regarding cyberspace. Additional ly, the author’s claims are credible since they exemplify facts and illustrations and further employ open-mindedness, where she actually explores other taboo issues such as labeling and justifies her conclusion. Regarding users of cyberspace, the issues presented by the author are widely relevant. The theory within the article supports the issue by indicating the manner in which the problem exists as well as the outcome of the inapt utilization of the Internet and a wise solution towards resolution. Moreover, in providing more relevance to the article, the author can include more statistics in order to achieve maximum comprehension of the article’s aim, which involves informing people regarding Internet issues. Additionally, the article asserts that proper use of the Internet is possible, and as such, the article can be a means of raising global awareness in all societies apart from the American society since it relates to phenomena such as real estate, which in turn can lead to a labeling revolution. By providing a moderated approach, it is impossible to use another approach since the issue already affects persons, families as well as societies. Nevertheless, the audience can mitigat e the issue by improving and correcting their behavior regarding the internet. Conclusion The issue of cyber spacing has produced tremendous results in networking based on the accessibility of the Internet. However, cyber spacing has also encouraged illegal practices such as child pornography, which have deteriorated children. The article on cyberspace by Esther Dyson indeed explores deeply on the effect of cyber spacing on the society. Irrespective of the fact that the author mainly focuses on one side of the article, which involves discrediting regulation, Dyson presents the notion of individual responsibility and choice, which could assist in cyberspace regulation.

Ybarra v. Spangard Case

Ybarra v. Spangard Case Introduction People make mistakes and it is obvious that people forgive, however, when it deals with medical malpractice, the mistakes are forbidden, however, they still occur. Ybarra v. Spangard is a case study which deals with a specific situation when doctor’s mistake has lead to patient’s injury.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ybarra v. Spangard Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinical negligence is a very serious and one of the most complicated accusing as at one and the same time the fault of a person is difficult to achieve. Having considered the case study Ybarra v. Spangard, the form of negligence that best fits this case is going to be discussed along with the elements for a claim of negligence found there. Which form of negligence best fits this case? The duty of care is one of the clinical negligence which perfectly fits the situation. One of the main reasons for this is the four elements which are included in its definition, which are as follows, â€Å"the medical professional had a DUTY OF CARE owed to the plaintiff†, â€Å"the medical professional BREACHED that DUTY OF CARE†, â€Å"the breach was both the ACTUAL and PROXIMATE CAUSE of the injury†, and â€Å"the injury resulted in DAMAGES to the plaintiff† (Negligence, 2009). In our case, the plaintiff was injured, however, due to anesthesia he is unable to make sure who of the doctors was responsible for it. Being put at the operational table, doctors failed to follow whether the patient is appropriately comforted. Due to anesthesia, a patient was unable to comfort himself as well as he was unable to say about some problems which made him feel pain. Therefore, the doctors failed to take care of a patient while they had such a duty. Are all the elements for a claim of negligence found in the case? Identify each of the four Ds. Before answering a question whether all the element s for a claim of negligence are found in the case or not, it is important to enumerate those elements. Duty, dereliction, direct cause and damages are elements for a claim of negligence (Lynch, Hancox, Happell, Parker, 2009). Duty means the obligation of a person to take care over another one.Advertising Looking for case study on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Doctors had to care for a patient and the inability of them to complete this task makes this element related to the case study. Dereliction of duty means that a doctor did not provided an expected duty of care. This is also a correct statement as in this case doctors are responsible for patient’s welfare, but their actions and dereliction led to patient’s trauma. Doctors’ actions and their dereliction have led to the paralysis of a hand. Finally, damage to patient’s health was made. Summary The case under consideration dwells upon the medical negligence when a duty of care is violated. Having put a patient at the operation desk, no one of the doctors and nurses cared for comfortable and appropriate position of the patient’s body. As a result, a patient got a neck and shoulder injury. The operation was devoted to appendices, therefore, surgeon could not cause such problem. Staying at the hospital a patient received treatment, however, it was useless. After the discharge from the hospital, pain increased and sooner a patient was diagnosed with paralysis of a hand (Ybarra v. Spangard, 1944). Therefore, the violation of the duty of care is the reason of doctors’ negligence. Reference List Lynch, L., Hancox, K., Happell, B., Parker, J. (2009). Clinical Supervision for Nurses. New York: John Wiley Sons. Negligence. (2009). Sitemason Vanderbilt. Web. Ybarra v. Spangard. (1944). 25 Cal.2d 486, 154 P.2d 687.

Tree Diagram responses wk 1 dq 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tree Diagram responses wk 1 dq 1 - Coursework Example In this case, outcomes at each trial are mutually exclusive and their union is the universal set (Sharma, 2007). While Brenda is right in identifying the tree diagram as an aid to visualizing outcomes, her definition is not comprehensive. Direct calculation of probabilities is more efficient in simple outcomes such as single trials. The tree diagram is more applicable in visualizing outcomes of multiple trials. She also does not explicitly identify the fact that tree a diagram is suitable for independent trials. An example, similar to Brenda’s would involve independent and successive selection of a ball from a set of four white balls followed by another selection from a set of three blue ones. While she exhibits the first principles of probability such as determination of the probability space and additive and multiplicative rules, Brenda lacks sufficient mathematical terms for communicating her rich knowledge (Sharma, 2007). Tami is explorative of the scope of a tree diagram and its role in identification of a sample space. Her example of possible application of a tree diagram is also adequate. This is because it identified selection of two items from two mutually exclusive sets. A good example that corresponds to Tami’s is a successive selection of a book from a set of five books, each with a different color, followed by selection of a pen from a set of three differently colored pens. Her answer also demonstrates an understanding in determination of sample space from trials. Though her response is commendable, she fails to expressly identify the independence property of trials that is a necessity for application of a tree diagram (Sharma, 2007). Yvette’s answer that a tree diagram is a way of listing possibilities of a sequence is not very accurate. This is because of two reasons. First, a sequence may have a single outcome at each trial and may not fit

Events that change Nations - P4-db Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Events that change Nations - P4-db - Essay Example The lack of conflict and the breakdown of national economies that came in the aftermath of the First World War, forced nations to repair the damage and this is why economic science flourished. As a result, several economic models, theories and principles were introduced. I would cite two important developments that have contributed significantly to the course of modern history: the Keynesian economic tradition; and, the emergence of postwar globalization. The events in 1920s and 1930s such as the high postwar inflation rates, the instability of stock prices, unemployment, tariff dynamics, and so forth occupied John Maynard Keynes and shaped his economic ideas. Keynes was involved in the major events of his time and would be pivotal in the development of modern economic thought afterwards. According to Alan Meltzer (1988), today, if one looks back and examine Keynes works, he or she would be struck by the labored arguments and definitions that are very much applicable today. (p. 18) In reading his works, for instance, we are able to see how Keynes predicted problems, failures, and impending disasters including the possible solutions for governments. The realizations of Keynes’ predictions influenced the modern economic thought and, certainly, his reputation so much so that governments used his ideas to guide their economic policies today. One could see this in the recent policies of British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and US Pr esident Barack Obama in their strategies to rescue their respective economies from current global financial crisis. The second important development during the 1920s and the 1930s was the emergence of globalization. During this period, traces of globalization started to emerge as countries started the initiatives to enforce tariff truce as well as agreement that would regulate quotas and other restrictions. When the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 or Tasca 1934 was enacted by several European

Historiographic review of the great terror in Russia (1936- 1938) Assignment

Historiographic review of the great terror in Russia (1936- 1938) - Assignment Example This information was proved by the number of documents and annals as well. There are many notes that were made by Stalin personally. These documents testify that he ordered to kill more and more people. He marked the sentences with the red pencil (Kuromiya, 2007). Some names were marked by the additional notes, such as â€Å"kill more†. At the bottom of the pages there was a comment â€Å"Everyone should be shot†. The number of shot â€Å"enemies† was more than 3000 per day. It was proved that during the previously mentioned period 681692 people were sentenced to death, because of the political motives (Getty, 1993). However, according to other sources, the number of victims was much higher. Counting the victims, we should also take into account those who died in prisons, correctional labor colonies and gulags and also those who were just shot due to the criminal offences. So, the number of the victims reached 1 million (Frierson C.and Vilenski, 2010). Moreover, in 1936 -1939 more than 1,2 million of communists were arrested that was a half of the communist party. Only 50 thousand of them got their liberty, the rest were shot or just died in prison. Getty and Manning (1993) state: â€Å"during the Great Terror, the NKVD [Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del] investigated and commonly arrested party members who had been purged from the party. Once the NKVD had made a number of arrests, party members having any association with those arrested were called before the party committee for questioning. At one Moscow textile mile, all party members with relatives, friends, co-workers, or any other associates who had been arrested were themselves subject to questioning, expulsion from the party and arrest† (Getty and Manning 1993: 164). The name â€Å"The Great Terror: was given to the events after the name of the book written by Conquest. The book is called â€Å"The Great Terror†. In the Soviet Union it was called â€Å"ezhovshinaà ¢â‚¬  after the last name of commissar Ezhov, who was arrested on April, 10, 1939. He was also shot on February 4, 1940. He was accused of the sympathy to Trotskyism, espionage and the preparation of the revolution. Getty and Manning describe: â€Å"he was a fairly colorless, mediocre individual who was raised up to the heights of party and state leadership by the will of Stalin, am ordinary product of creation and establishment by the will of Stalin, an ordinary product of the creation and establishment of totalitarian, coercive and bureaucratic system. He was truly a servant of the regime of personal power who compensated for his low moral and political qualities by exhibiting selfless love for in, and devotion to the leader† (Getty and Manning 1993: 21). His henchmen had same destiny. It should be noticed that not all of the mass repressions organizers shared the destiny of their victims. Some of them made an excellent carrier. For example Beria, who was the organizer of the great terror in Georgia. He and his henchmen got the beneficial positions in the Party, NKVD, army and other branches (Davis, 1997). There was an interesting episode in the terror campaign. One of the heads of NKVD, Feldman, beat one of the prisoners. As a result the man stayed in hospital for long. This case was under control and Feldman proved his actions and was not going to be sorry. He emphasized that he had a right to behave this way, because he had Beria’s directive. Feldman added that he would continue to act this

Causes of Homelessness

Causes of Homelessness Homelessness can significantly impact on the health, welfare and employment prospects of those unfortunate enough to experience it. The life expectancy of rough sleepers is 42 years. Children living in temporary or shared accommodation have their education disrupted and are more likely to suffer from behavioural problems (House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts 2005). Whilst lack of educational achievement is classed as disadvantage in the jobs market, those with no qualifications (who do not suffer from any other form of disadvantage) have a relatively high rate of employment. However, where there is additional disadvantage such as homelessness, substance misuse or criminal record these factors combine to depress employment rates. The client group approach has been successful in targeting specific groups such as single mothers and the disabled, assisting them to move out of welfare dependency. This approach has been less successful with respect to clients who suffer from multiple disadvantages (Freud 2007). In 1998, the then Prime Minister pledged to reduce the number of rough sleepers by two-thirds by 2002. Many of those who have made the transition from rough sleeping have done so by using hostels as a first step (Department for Communities and Local Government 2006). However, fundamental to the achievement of successful outcomes with respect to homelessness is to encourage homeless people into meaningful activity, training and ultimately employment (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister 2005, Department for Communities and Local Government 2006). There is also a recognition that services for the disadvantaged should be joined-up, which will assist in providing co-ordination to those who face homelessness (Department for Communities and Local Government 2003). Research indicates that there are two approaches apparent as the most successful with respect to homeless people those that are holistic and tailored (Freud 2007, Butcher et al 2007). This implies addressing all of the problems faced by the individual including employment, health as well as housing. The key benefits of this approach are sustainable outcomes and effectiveness in tackling homelessness and multiple needs (Butcher et al 2007). However, the homeless face significant issues relating to training and employment. This review seeks to examine the key issues with respect to homeless people and their ability to access training and employment opportunities. This is fundamental as employment is considered one of the primary pathways addressing social exclusion and leading to financial independence (Lownsbrough 2005, Sodha and Grant 2010). Homelessness Legally, the law classes a person as homeless if they do not have the legal right to occupy any living accommodation, or the accommodation they occupy is not suitable or habitable. Many regard homelessness as rough sleeping but this disguises other forms of homelessness such as those living in temporary accommodation, bed breakfast, hostels etc. (Shelter 2007). The obligations on local authorities are included in the Housing Act 1996, which was amended by the Homelessness Act 2002. This places a duty on local authorities to house people who fit the homelessness criteria. However, not everyone defined as homeless will be entitled to accommodation. To qualify for housing under the homelessness legislation an applicant must meet eligibility criteria, be legally defined as homeless, be in priority need and not have become intentionally homeless. Whilst a person may have a serious housing need, if they do not fulfil the criteria, the local authority does not have a duty to house them (Shelter 2007). It is difficult to quantify numbers of homeless people due to the extent of hidden homelessness. In addition there are those who experience episodes of homelessness between more stable periods (Shelter 2007). Opinion Leader Research (2006) found that the majority of homeless were in a cycle of repeated episodes of homelessness and this was related to debt problems, drug and alcohol dependency and the nature of hostel accommodation i.e. noisy, violent, costly. Daytime homelessness has also been identified (Jones and Pleace 2005). Originally used in the USA, the term refers to the situation where hostel dwellers are ejected from their accommodation during the day so whilst they may have over-night accommodation, the lack of a home during the day results in daytime homelessness. Causes The causes of homelessness are many and varied, but generally fall into the categories of structural factors (unemployment, poverty, lack of suitable housing, the extent of legal rights, social trends, benefits issues and policy development such as the closure of long-stay institutions) and personal factors (drug / alcohol misuse, problems at school, debts, physical and mental health issues, family breakdown, leaving the care system or armed forces) (Shelter 2007, Butcher et al 2007). A spiral or chain of events could also lead to homelessness. An event such as a family breakdown leads to loss of home or family support, which triggers a response such as substance misuse, loss of self-esteem and motivation (Butcher et al 2007). There are also a series of risk factors or indicators that confront the homeless or potentially homeless (Jones and Pleace 2005). These are: school exclusion and lack of qualifications; time in local authority care; multiple needs: combined mental health drug / alcohol problems; contact with the criminal justice system; time in the armed forces; previous experience of homelessness; lack of a social support network; difficulties in furnishing or maintaining a home; debts, especially rent or mortgage arrears; causing nuisance to neighbours (often linked to multiple needs). Impact Homelessness is traumatic. In addition, many have suffered a trauma leading homelessness such as home repossession, drug and alcohol misuse, domestic violence etc. Homelessness can lead to disempowerment, isolation and poverty. Homeless people rely on benefits and this in-turn can lead to dependency due to the high rents payable in supported housing such as hostels (Shelter 2007). Evidence suggests that homeless people will remain in supported housing such as hostels for some time, impacting on their attempts to re-enter the mainstream (Singh 2005). The reliance on benefits due to the high rents in temporary accommodation has a significant impact on a homeless persons ability to get a job and move on. As income rises Housing and Benefit and Council Tax Benefit are reduced. If a homeless person manages to find a job, they may be no better of as their benefits are reduced accordingly. When travel and other costs related to working is accounted for the homeless person may be no better off (Shelter 2007) this is examined in greater detail below. Young homeless people face a struggle in the transition to adult life (Foyer Federation 2001). They face issues such as poverty, lack of qualifications, family encouragement and self-esteem. Those who were homeless and those providing services have often referred to a homelessness culture (Crisis 2005), but this was in fact a reference to the most damaging aspect of many homeless peoples former way of life i.e. drug and alcohol dependency. The importance of Life Skills Many authors have examined and highlighted the value of life skills in tackling homelessness and social exclusion (Foyer Federation 2001, Department for Communities and Local Government 2003, Parsons and Palmer 2004, Lownsbrough 2005, Lownsbrough et al 2005, Singh 2005, Department for Communities and Local Government 2006, Opinion Leader Research 2006, Whitehead 2006, New Economics Foundation 2008, Quilgars et al 2008). However, Jones and Pleace (2005) suggest that research from as far back as the 1980s indicates that there are more complex issues leading to the risk of homelessness, rather than just a lack of life skills. They cite Jones et al (2001) assertion that life skills training is carried out with homeless people because it is accepted practice rather than because of an evidence base related to its efficacy. Employers and those in education are paying increasing attention to skills rather than just knowledge. This relates to how someone might react to a particular situation rather than how much they know. The work environment is increasingly focussed on key skills, learning skills and life skills. This focus has coincided with a similar debate about the acquisition of life skills to tackle social exclusion and address welfare reform. Life skills are recognised as being essential for people to managing their lives and relationships. They are also vital with respect to finding and sustaining a job (Lownsbrough et al 2005). There is an underlying assumption of a correlation between lack of life skills and being part of a socially excluded group. This raises two important questions; do people become excluded as a result of poor life skills? Or are life skills forgotten as a result of social exclusion and dealing with the challenging circumstances that exclusion throws-up? Whilst there is no evidence to suggest a causal link there is an interaction, which means families can spend generations trying to escape (from exclusion) (Lownsbrough et al 2005). Life skills are the activities that relate to daily living such as washing, cleaning and managing a household budget together with the soft skills such as communication that allow individuals to form and manage relationships. Singh (2005) found that some homeless peoples lack of life skills meant they were not able to access services and behavioural norms such as punctuality were not developed. Acquiring and maintaining life skills has been found to act as a gateway to more formal training in the same skill, which has ultimately led to employment. There are a number of examples where learning basic cookery skills have stimulated an interest in undertaking technical training and subsequent employment in catering (Lownsbrough 2005). When a person becomes excluded for a particular reason, the issue defines them in society and they are offered services that aim to alleviate the issue that has caused the exclusion, such as the provision of hot meals, clean clothing etc. They are then offered services that enable them to overcome the exclusion such as training, job search etc. Life skills training can provide a vital bridge between these services (Lownsbrough et al 2005). Whilst for some, undertaking formal training will ultimately lead to independence; others may need to acquire more basis skills in the short term. Homeless people generally need a wide range of training from formal education to support with respect to support services including general life skills, psychological support, social skills, financial management, basic skills and job related skills (Opinion Leader Research 2006). Meaningful Activity Lack of motivation is a common issue among homeless people (Jones and Pleace 2005, Singh 2005, Centrepoint 2006, OSW 2007, New Economics Foundation 2008). However, participating in meaningful activity is seen as a way of engaging the socially excluded and disadvantaged in activity that, whilst not actually concerning education, job-search etc, incorporates activities that teach those involved about teamwork, social skills etc., which are useful in the jobs market. Activities can be volunteering, art-based activity (theatre, painting, photography) or those involving health such as Tai Chi. Engaging with the homeless via the use of meaningful activity can provide a gateway into more formal training and job search and has been found to have an impact on social issues such as self-esteem and the ability to form and maintain relationships (Jones and Pleace 2005, Department of Innovation, Universities and Skills 2009). Meaningful activity around arts based projects also has a number of advantages such as the opportunity to be creative. In addition, there are no entry requirements or skills requirements so participants feel less exposed and can progress at their own speed. It also affords the opportunity of allowing the person to express and reflect what has happened to them (Cameron et al 2003). Government Policy relating to Work The government has made good progress in its Welfare to Work agenda and the creation of New Deal and Jobcentre plus has been instrumental in achieving this success. However, the government needs to build on its achievements so far to ensure that the most disadvantaged in society are also given opportunities to move from benefits dependency, but this should recognise that they may have special needs which need to be addressed in a holistic way (Freud 2007). As a result of improved economic prosperity, government has transformed work and opportunity in Britain. The goal of full employment matters because work provides the opportunity for development, progression and financial independence (Department for Work and Pensions 2007a). Governments intention is to create the circumstances whereby people move from being spectators to becoming participants, actively seeking and preparing for work (Department for Work and Pensions 2007b). There are five key elements that will be used to achieve the aim of full employment: A stronger framework of rights and responsibilities to move benefit claimants from being passive recipients to being active jobseekers A personalised and responsive approach will empower advisers and give increased discretion to Jobcentre Plus staff Partnership the public, private and third sectors working together on the basis of what works best Targeting areas of high worklessness by devolving and empowering communities Not just jobs, but jobs that pay and offer opportunities for progression There are also plans to improve support and provide work incentives in conjunction with a benefits system that rewards responsibility together with a greater choice over the support that is provided (Green Paper Department for Work and Pensions 2008a). The intention is to: Simplify benefits with the result that there will be two payments, Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) for those with a condition that prevents working and Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) for those actively seeking work. Ensure that there is a no right to life on benefits. Disregard child maintenance payments when calculating entitlement. The subsequent White Paper (Department for Work and Pensions 2008b) sets out a programme to implement proposals with respect to changing the benefits system, improving job search services, adding conditionality to benefits entitlement, providing and defining additional support and ending child poverty. In January 2009, the Welfare Reform Act 2009 translated into statute the foregoing policy and discussion documents, aiming to increase the employment rate to 80%, end child-poverty, offer tailored support to job-seekers and place conditionality on benefits entitlements. There are a number of initiatives that are aimed at helping to move homeless people into work (Crisis 2007). These are: Pathways to Work: Aimed at supporting those claiming Incapacity Benefit to make the transition into work. This is particularly relevant to the homeless as circa 70% of homeless people claim this benefit (Crisis 2007). The New Deal / Flexible New Deal: Offering counselling and guidance, training and education. In 2004, the initiative was adapted to make it more suitable to the homeless (Department for Work and Pensions 2004). However, as eligibility is restricted to those in receipt of Job Seekers Allowance for at least six consecutive months, this may prove to be a barrier to the homeless as their lifestyles often result in gaps in claims (Crisis 2007). Jobcentre Plus: 2006 saw the opening of a centre in London devoted to working with the homeless and this coincided with a national commitment to prioritise the needs of the homeless (crisis 2007). progress2work and the progress2work-LinkUP: These pilot schemes recognise that disadvantaged clients need more time together with specialist interventions from statutory and other agencies to make lasting impact on employment outcomes. The target system used to measure Jobcentre Plus and others recognises that there are some clients that may require specialist, long-term assistance (Department for Work and Pensions 2004). However, there is concern over the ability of the model to justify its existence over the three-year term before the committed funding runs out (Crisis 2007). New Deal and Flexible New Deal together with Jobcentre Plus have proved effective assisting circa 90% back into work within twelve months. Prior to the recession Job Seekers Allowance claim levels were the lowest for thirty years. Unemployment levels during the recession were at lower rates than predicted by the government (Sodha and Grant 2010). Whilst the welfare-to-work programme has undoubtedly had assisted in creating a population of more skilled, educated and active, the homeless continue to face exclusion and run the risk of suffering more disadvantage (Sodha and Grant 2010). Homelessness and Work In 1986 83% of homeless people were in some form of paid employment but by 2005 this figure had dropped to 5% and by 2007 only 4% were in work (St Mungos 2005 and 2007). Singh (2005) found that 77% of those surveyed wanted to work. 97% of hostel residents would like to work (St Mungos 2007) and a 2010 survey conducted by St Mungos revealed that 80% agreed with the statement one of my goals is to get back into work. Research has reliably indicated that rates of employment among young homeless people are very low and that they face a combination of significant barriers that impact on their educational achievement and employment potential (Centrepoint 2006). worklessness lies at the root of deprivation (Meadows 2008). Employment is one of the key routes toward addressing social exclusion and achieving independence, both socially and financially (Lownsbrough 2005, Sodha and Grant 2010). However, financial rewards are not the singular motivation for the homeless wanting to find work (New Economics Foundation 2008). Barriers Homeless people face a range of issues, which form barriers to their progression from benefits into training, work and independence. These barriers are person-related and systemic or structural. Person-related barriers include: Lack of skills (including life-skills) and / or qualifications Low motivation Lack of confidence and self-esteem Poor job search skills Lack of work experience Health, both physical and mental Addictions Cultural / language barriers Fear of change and the unknown Low respect for / mistrust of authority Criminal record The structural / systematic barriers include: Living in concentrations of worklessness Living in social housing / hostels and the stigma attached Poor local transport Limited local job opportunities High cost of hostel rents Poor financial incentives and the benefits trap Lack of ongoing support Discrimination (Parsons and Palmer 2004, Jones Pleace 2005, Lownsbrough 2005, Singh 2005, Centrpoint 2006, Opinion Leader Research 2006, Butcher et al 2007, New Economic Foundation 2008, Sodha Grant 2010, Business Action on Homelessness 2009) 37% of homeless people have no formal qualifications whilst 13% have Level 3 qualifications (more than 1 A Level) or above. This compares to just fewer than 50% of the general population (New Economic Foundation 2008). In addition, many suffer barriers relating to competing issues (Singh 2005, Jones Pleace 2005). Competing issues arise where a pressing need such as dealing with addiction prevents the person addressing the issue of finding work. Singh (2005) cites Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model, which suggests that fundamental needs such as finding a home take precedence in the hierarchy over, for example, addressing issues around self-esteem. Lower level barriers include lack of suitable clothing to attend an interview, inadequate access to a telephone or computer and the lack of somewhere suitable to complete an application (Parsons and Palmer 2005, Singh 2005). Pathway to Employment The traditional pathway to employment model employed by the homelessness sector is a three-stage process where the first engagement stage is centred on addressing the issues that led to homelessness such as treatment for substance misuse. In the second stage of pre-work support the process is about attempting to get clients work-ready and can include volunteering, job-search, training, work placements etc, which will hopefully result in a job offer. The last stage involves in-work support which can take the form of job-coaching and at-work training (New Economics Foundation 2008). However, a revised model should be used that more readily reflects the journey into employment (New Economics Foundation 2008). The new model highlights the need for intensive support during the first twelve weeks of employment, as this is the period when homeless people struggle financially, emotionally and practically. The model is based on four key stages i.e. Engagement, Pre-work support, Settling into work, Sustainable employment. Whilst this new model represents a linear path to employment it may need to be modified to reflect the reality that a person with high support needs may drop out at any stage. So if a person drops out at the Settling into work phase, this may result in further work on the Pre-work or even Engagement phases (New Economics Foundation 2008). Butcher et al (2007) reported a seven-stage journey to employability comprising engagement, needs assessment, individual action plan, support, and labour market preparation, in work support, sustainable employment. The content of this seven-stage route shares many similarities with the revised model above. Fothergill (2008) develops the model to create The Right Deal for Homeless People to prove a holistic and co-ordinated range of support to assist the homeless into work and independence. Meadows (2008) indicated that homeless people come from a range of backgrounds with different needs relating to education, health (both physical and mental), contact with the justice system etc. The most effective interventions with respect to homeless people and their pathway to employment are those that address the needs of the individual, which may involve interventions via referrals to specialist agencies. As a result of the Places of Change programme (Department of Communities and Local Government 2006), St Mungos instituted a five-stage Pathways to Employment programme, beginning with an Occupational Health Check which then proceeds with activities such as basic skills training, vocational guidance, long-term meaningful activity, external accredited training, job search, coaching and end with in-work support. Clients are also provided with suitable clothing to attend interviews. (St Mungos 2007). Evaluation of this programme noted the project having a significant impact on participants lives. The journey towards increasing independence and employment has begun for participating clients. The programme can achieve significant outcomes but interpretation of outcomes must recognise the progress that clients can realistically make (Sodha and Grant 2010). The Ready for Work programme under the auspices of Business Action on Homelessness (BAOH) targets those who may be ready for work but lack skills, confidence or are long-term unemployed. In a two-week work placement they are allocated a buddy, together with support from BAOH trained staff for six months following the placement. Since its inception 2000 out of 5000 people have found work and of the participants 38% go on to full time work. 500 businesses are involved and they report the valuable contribution that the homeless can make (Sodha and Grant 2010). There is scope to employ homeless people in the homelessness field (Ireland 2010). Circa 20% of the staff within Thames Reach, Tyneside Cyrenians and P3 are former service users. There are 17,000 employed in the sector and if all organisations employed service users at this 20% rate, this would realise some 3,400 positions. Although there is no single pathway model, the similarities of each organisations approach are a lead from senior management, incorporating the model into business planning and ensuring staff buy-in. Staff who are former service users display a high level of commitment to the job, other service users and are able to use their experience to benefit their case-load. There are a number of benefits in employing service users: Beneficial impact on culture Credibility and influence with policy makers Adding value to service delivery as a result of the experience of staff (Ireland 2010) Sustaining employment can be a particular issue with respect to the homeless and reasons for not being able to sustain work include transport, not being mentally ready and difficulties with integration into the workforce. This reinforces the need for tailored one-to-one support during the early stages of employment (Singh 2005, Sodha and Grant 2010). In addition to facing problems fitting in (Business Action on Homelessness 2009) in the initial stages of employment, there are other issues which can prove significant in determining whether a homeless person is able to sustain the new job. They are poor financial planning, which relates to the transition from benefits, particularly where the persons income is cost neutral or where they are only slightly better off, the effect of temporary, casual contracts as the benefits system is not geared up to address this type of work and social isolation particularly where the move into employment is accompanied by a move from a hostel into more permanent accommodation, resulting in less or no contact with existing social networks. Barriers to sustaining employment also include drug / alcohol dependency, emotional problems, particularly during tense or stressful periods and the likelihood was that the job would be low skilled and low-paid resulting in little job satisfaction (Opinion Leader Research 2006). Meadows (2008) also highlighted the need to work with young homeless and disadvantaged people to develop a work-focussed lifestyle can assist in tackling other areas of disadvantage. Benefits System Generally referred to as the benefits trap, this situation occurs when the reduction in benefits as a result of having a job means that the person is marginally, or no better off. When questioned, however 56% of homeless individual stated they would take a job in these circumstances whilst 21% would take other issues into account before coming to a decision (Singh 2005). Many people find that they are no better off in work: Taking into account the costs of work (travel or work-related clothing, for example) a JSA claimant over the age of 25 faces a participation tax rate exceeding 100% for most of the first 20 hours of work (and just below 100% for the hours after. As a result, the individual gains only  £29.06 after 40 hours of work (Sodha and Grant 2010). Caseworkers, clients and experts in the field of homelessness find that the tax and benefits system is confusing. The benefits system plays a fundamental role in the transition from benefits dependency into work, but the perception is that the system operates as a bureaucratic function that militates against support into work. These difficulties result in people not claiming entitlements, particularly with respect to in-work, benefits and tapering payments. There is also the concern amongst claimants that benefits entitlements have been calculated incorrectly, resulting in claw-back at a later date. The system of Working Tax credits has also resulted in some being worse off after following a recalculation of entitlement after 12 months in work (New Economics Foundation 2008). Bearing in mind that many homeless people are already in debt, poor transitional arrangements resulted in many taking on more debts, thereby increasing the likelihood of a further episode of homelessness. This difficult experience in moving into work reduces the motivation to try again (New Economics Foundation 2008). Difficult benefits to work transitions can result in a four-week period between benefits concluding and the arrival of the first pay-slip (Sodha and Grant 2010). Workless people are not well informed about the availability of Working Tax Credit, Housing Benefit, Childcare Tax Credit and additional forms of support. The complex inter-relationships of these benefits together with family circumstances, earnings and location mean that the system has a limited role to play in encouraging the transition to work (Meadows 2008, Sodha and Grant 2010, Business Action on Homelessness 2009). There is also a perception amongst homeless people that working will not make them better off, particularly as the jobs they could apply for are low skilled and low paid. There is also evidence that pressure from government agencies to take work has driven many to forego benefits in favour of begging or part time casual work (Opinion Leader Research 2006). The system of benefits is poorly structured, particularly with respect to sign-on days so there is evidence of those on Ready to Work placements having to take days off in order to avoid loosing benefits payments. The complex nature of Housing Benefit recalculations makes it problematic for those on variable hours or short-term contracts (Business Action on Homelessness 2009). Attitudes of Employers In a survey of fifteen employers, all thought that commercial and non-commercial employers had a duty to help socially disadvantaged people such as the homeless. Employers consider that Corporate Social Responsibility at a local level is particularly important as it affords them the opportunity of putting something back. Although most employers had recruitment policies, they tended to be influenced by equal opportunities legislation rather than addressing the needs of disadvantaged groups such as the homeless (Singh 2005). Involving employers can be complex as they are likely to be resistant to anything that is time consuming and does not have clear outcomes. However, good relationships with employers can provide opportunities for work placements and the potential to have an effect on recruitment policies (Meadows 2008). Of those organisations that offered work placements to homeless people, they suggested a number of benefits to the organisation: Improved understanding of the issues. Challenge to existing policies within the organisation. Utilisation of untapped skills. Seeing first hand someone reclaiming their lives, dignity and self-respect. The negative aspects were reported as: Some candidates not being work

Essay --

Super natural appearances and effects, such as ghost’s and monsters are a part of all people’s deepest fears whether they want to admit it or not. The elements of Gothic literature tap into our need for the agony between what’s real and what’s fantasy. I even think that it releases and reflects our need to search for the identity of our inner Gothic. Now a days Gothic is looked at as a way people dress and being weird almost in a way of it being a disease in the brain. Gothics weren't always perceived in that way, it was a way that allowed people to express their true beliefs, desires and most importantly their inner fears. The genre of Gothics is much more than just a simple collection of horror stories, even if they do place a rather large emphasis on mystery and fear. The term Gothic originally used to describe both art, and architecture, it later spread into the world of literature and writings. They all had extreme emotion and dark, depressing themes and ideas. Though many people in our time may never fully appreciate what the Gothic era gave to us, or understand the dark themes they present I will. The Gothic era just like the many horror movies and books that I love so much the Gothics have a way of pulling a person like me completely into the story they are trying to provide to us as the reader. Gothic literature helps us to exercise our minds by making us dig deep and determine our own inner truths and fears. With this idea we need to learn to broaden our perspectives and to think critically of the piece, rather than basing our judgments off of just what it is that we are reading. The use of extreme and dramatic emotions in Gothic writings really makes us as the reader think about how the reading affects us on the insid... ...King. Even as the years keep progressing and the horror genre sadly keeps progressing and moving from the great Gothics that came before it, no matter what there will always be that exponential influence from the Gothics and a standard that it will forever be held to. Gothic literature has had many different effects on the people, writers and even the way that it is perceived over the years. The great elements inside a Gothic story will never change or waiver, their will forever be that supernatural effect or idea, the different reverences to death and decay throughout it, and the underlying sense of suspense threw out the whole literary work and that overall dark tone to the story. Throughout time we as a country and a race have developed an even greater understanding of what Gothic literature was and why it has been deemed so important throughout literary history.

Center for Writing Excellence Scavenger Hunt

Submit your responses to the following questions: (HINT: Refer to the Reference and Citation Examples documdented in the Tutorials and Guides section, as well as the Sample Paper and the Library link. ) If more than one author is listed, must all authors be listed in the citation? Yes Is the author’s full name used in the References page entry? No If no year is listed for an in-text citation, what should be listed? (n. d. ) What is the minimum information needed for an in-text citation? Last name and year What abbreviations are used before page (if listed) in an in-text citation? . or pp. What is used for the author’s name in the in-text citation if the article’s author is not listed as â€Å"anonymous† or at all? Name the group authors On the References page, what words of an article or book title are capitalized? First word, proper nouns, and the first word after colon or dash What U. S. cities do not require a state when listed on the References page? B altimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco Are quotation marks used for titles of articles in the sources listed on the References page? No How is the state abbreviated for the publisher’s location on the References page? The First and Last letter of the state and capitalized Are any sources listed in the References page italicized instead of underlined? Yes If the full title of your essay is â€Å"The Paragraph and You: A Study of Organization,† in how many places of the document would the full title be listed? All pages since under 50 characters How far from the top of the page is the header? Half inch†¦ What is the suggested length of an abstract? What point size is preferred for the font at the University of Phoenix? What is the preferred spacing in a document? Are there any extra spaces between paragraphs of a paper? How are personal interviews or e-mails listed when cited in a paper? Should the Web address for retrieving an article in an electronic database be listed in the reference? How do you get to the Center for Writing Excellence? Here’s something fun—go to the list of common English errors and indicate what the difference is between â€Å"flaunt† and â€Å"flout. Check out the section that provides tips on Microsoft ® software and indicate how you insert headers and footers in a Word ® document. How do you add a button to your Microsoft ® Office ® Toolbar? Category Button Description Edit Replace Allows you to find and replace one bit of text with another. For instance, if you spelled someone’s name â€Å"Charla† throughout your paper and then found out it was really supposed to be â€Å"Sharla,† you could enter these values and the replace tool would change them all for you. View Ruler Turns the ruler on and off. Header and Footer Allows you to enter information into the Header and Footer areas. Fit to Window Stretches your paper to fit the viewing area. Depending on your computer’s screen settings, this sometimes makes things easier to see. Normal Switches to the Normal view. Print Layout Switches to the Print Layout view. Insert Page Break Adds a page break to your paper at the point where your cursor is. Page Number Inserts a page number into your document (useful in the header). Symbol Adds symbols not available on your keyboard. Some useful examples are the em dash (—), the copyright mark ( ©), all of the accented letters you could ever want (Useful if your name is â€Å"Renee†), and several f r a c t i o n s ( ^! ) . F o r m a t A l i g n L e f t L e f t j u s t i f i e s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . C e n t e r C e n t e r s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . A l i g n R i g h t R i g h t j u s t i f i e s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . D o u b l e Spacing Double-spaces whichever paragraph your cursor is in. How do you add a button to your Microsoft ® Word ® Toolbar for Office 2007? How do you submit a paper to the Center for Writing Excellence? What leeway do you need if your paper is due next class? Factor in a day or two for revisions and then determine the last possible day you can submit the paper for review. What are the three major databases that you can access at the University of Phoenix’s Online Library? How can you obtain assistance in looking for something in the Online Library collection? What is plagiarism? When you are citing a directly quoted, word-for-word source in a paper, do you use quotation marks? Describe the spacing after punctuation the University of Phoenix requires in written assignments. Which fonts are acceptable for use for assignments submitted at the University of Phoenix? If you are stumped by a grammar question and cannot find the answer, where can you go to get an answer?

Master Harold essays

Master Harold essays There are many different themes in short stories, novel, and plays. Some of these themes might include dishonesty, love and romance, or hate. Athol Fugard s play Master Harold has a theme of a dysfunctional family. The theme is portrayed through the main character Master Harold as: too quickly grown up, having adult responsibilities, and denying his true feelings. As the play unfolds and Master Harold, a seventeen-year-old boy, comes in the scene, you can almost immediately see that he has grown up too quickly. Instead of finding time for his friends, he is worried about the family business (which he stays at everyday after school.) Its coming down cats and dogs out there. Bad for business, chaps... Hally doesnt even enjoy the simple teenage pleasures of reading comic books. Jungle Jim ... Batman and Robin ... Tarzan ... God, what rubbish! Mental pollution. Take them away. Just a little while later Willie, a servant of Master Harolds family, starts to play around and throws a rag at Sam, another servant and a good friend of Hally, for teasing him. The rag misses Sam and hits Hally. For Christs sake, Willie! What the hell do you think youre doing! Act your bloody age! ... get on with your work As the afternoon passes by, Hally finds himself reminiscing about past times with Willie and Sam. He never once mentions other boys his age. All of his time was spent with grown men at least twenty years older than him. Master Harold has many adult responsibilities also. For example, in the beginning of the play, Hally went to the restaurant to wait on customers and monitor the servants. Soon after he arrives he finds out that his mother called and is with his drunken father at the hospital (again.) Immediately Hally begins to talk about why he cant come back home. We saw him last night and he wasnt in good ...

Tax System in Ontario essays

Tax System in Ontario essays The issue is whether Ontario should have a different tax system than the federal government of Canada. The provinces already have different ways of calculating taxes from the federal government and from one another. Verburg (1998) noted five years ago that the taxpayers in Ontario and Alberta were benefiting form an effort by each to have the lowest taxes in Canada. Still, Verburg also noted that the tax cuts to that time were not very substantial even as each province was trying to become the most attractive province in which to do business for the North American economy. Alberta long had the lowest personal income-tax rate in Canada, but the Ontario government set out undercut Alberta by half a percentage point by lowering its basic personal income-tax rate to 45% of the basic federal tax. Alberta answered this soon after by cutting its basic rate to 44%, at which time Ontario countered with 40.5%. Verburg cheered them on, stating that "the two provinces are chipping away at Canada's burdensome tax Verburg further noted that Ottawa was not responding with the same On a recent swing through Alberta, federal Finance Minister Paul Martin said giving Canadians a break on their income tax is "a major priority" for the 1999 federal budget, when a multibillion-dollar budget surplus is expected. But, so far, there has been no firm commitment to return those extra dollars to the people who earned them The Ontario income tax system changed how it calculates the tax beginning in 2002 so that it now levies its personal income tax as a parentage of taxable income rather than as a percentage of basic federal tax. This system is known as tax-on-income (TONI) system, and it is used to allow Ontario to set its own tax brackets and tax rates independently of the federal system, and so provides the Province with direct control over many features of the ...

Chemical Engineering, physics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemical Engineering, physics - Assignment Example In the past, after the discovery of crude oil, chemical engineering has been in forefront to its processing into several important hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and several others to bring energy revolution and improve the quality of human life. During the processing of crude oil, chemical engineering invented several important and vital unit operations. Crude oil refinery is a glaring example of such unit operations that are practiced now resulting into a rapid growth of automobile industry in the twentieth century. Hydrocarbon has its own limitations in terms of its reserves and providing pollution free environment. Without resting on past laurels, chemical engineers have gone ahead in replacing fossil fuels with renewable forms of energy such as solar. Producing solar energy at affordable rates and storing it conveniently has been a daunting task for chemical engineers in last two decades. Building batteries that can store bountiful solar energy to provide uninterrupted power supply to its domestic and industrial users, especially in night when no sun rays are available, has become a challenge for chemical engineers world over. Chemical engineering is at the threshold of another energy revolution through its neat and tight design, selection of energy-efficient materials converting solar energy to usable power while keeping costs at its lowest. In a way, chemical engineers are working hard to save our unique planet from the impending disaster in terms of climate change. Chemical engineers have a considerable say in industries such as biotechnology, food and beverages, mining, pharmaceuticals, tire and rubber, and many more. Chemical engineers are an integral part of advanced space programs in NASA. Thus, chemical engineering is the most versatile branch of engineering that finds its presence in almost every field. Newtons laws clearly explain the changes in the state of motion of objects at rest or

Uninary tract infection ,hysterecomy,cirrhosis,Diabetic,cast Case Study

Uninary tract infection ,hysterecomy,cirrhosis,Diabetic,cast care,lntermittent claudication, eczema, - Case Study Example A teaching session is planned to be undertaken with Amy & her mum on prevention of constipation. Q2. Maria Poulos, a 40-year-old woman with two children, consulted her doctor about experiencing menorrhagia and occasionally metrorrhagia for the past 5 months. She was diagnosed with leiomyomas and a total abdominal hysterectomy was recommended. Q4. Sally Smith, aged 14 yrs, has been admitted for review of her diabetes. Sally’s diabetes has been rather uncontrolled lately and her parents are extremely worried. She is now on insulin TDS and her diabetes appears to be more controlled. You are on night shift and are doing a round of checking the patients - you check Sally and find her unresponsive, cold & clammy. Q5. Tara Smith aged four (4) years had a fall off the monkey bars at her day care centre. She fell on her outstretched arm which resulted in a Greenstick fracture of her distal R) radius. She is to have a synthetic cast applied to her forearm for 3-4 weeks. Bob underwent a left femoral–popliteal bypass graft 5 years ago and is complaining of intense right foot pain for past 6 weeks. He states â€Å"I sleep in the recliner with my right leg hanging down to get some relief from the pain†. On assessment he